Marami ka bang utang?
Kaliwa’t kanan ba ang sumisingil sayong mga credit card companies na halos murahin ka araw-araw dahil sa wala kang pambayad?
Gusto mo bang mawala na lahat ng utang mo at mawala na rin ang mga makukulit na kolektor na pinepeste ka sa text, tawag sa telepono na daig pa ang bumbay?
Na discuss na ‘to dati sa post na Bankrupt, ngunit dahil sa nagbago ang batas, nais ko rin i-update ang aking post tungkol sa voluntary insolvency.
Dahil sa daling kumuha ng credit card ngayon, lahat na lang meron. Ang mahirap dun, tingin ng mga pinoy sa credit card e christmas bonus. Kaskas dito, kaskas doon. Hindi iniisip kung may pambayad o wala, basta may bagong cellphone. Bahala na si Batman.
Pagdating ng singilan, yun kanya-kanyang tago. Yung iba, pilit na binabayaran at halos wala nang sinusweldo kada kinsenas. Kapag may emergency, yun uutang ulit. Hanggang sa isang araw, wala na siyang ginagawa sa buhay kundi magbayad ng utang.
Kung isa ka sa nabanggit, gusto mo bang magbagong buhay? Gusto mo bang magsimula ulit na walang utang?
Pwes, pwede kang mag-file ng petisyon sa korte upang ideklara kang insolvent.
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INSOLVENCY OF INDIVIDUAL DEBTORS
Ayon sa Republic Act 10142 o ang Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act of 2010, ang sino mang taong may ari-arian na hindi sapat upang ipangbayad sa lahat ng kanyang utang na lalagpas ng P500,000.00, ay maaring mag file ng petition sa korte upang ma-discharge siya sa kanyang mga utang.
Pagsinabing ma-discharge sa utang —-> quits na. Parang walang nangyari. Sorry na lang ang mga nagpapa utang.
Lahat ng natitirang ari-arian ay kukunin ng sheriff at ibebenta. Ang kinita sa bentahan ng mga ari-arian ay paghahati-hatian ng mga creditors. Siguro tag-sasampung piso na lang sila.
Ang maganda dito, hindi na pwedeng magsampa ng kaso ang creditors tungkol sa utang, at kung may pending collection case na, kailangan silang makisali sa petition for insolvency. Otherwise, waive na claim nila.
“Section 113 (d). no separate action for the collection of an unsecured claim shall be allowed. Such actions already pending will be transferred to the Liquidator for him to accept and settle or contest. If the liquidator contests or disputes the claim, the court shall allow, hear and resolve such contest except when the case is already on appeal. In such a case, the suit may proceed to judgment, and any final and executor judgment therein for a claim against the debtor shall be filed and allowed in court;”
Ang mga secured creditors o yung utang na may collateral tulad ng sasakyan o bahay ay hindi apektado ng petition for insolvency. Maari ituloy ang pagremata sa bahay o sasakyan. Ang mga unsecured creditor lang tulad ng credit card debts ang apektado sa petition for insolvency.
“Section 114. Rights of Secured Creditors. - The Liquidation Order shall not affect the right of a secured creditor to enforce his lien in accordance with the applicable contract or law. A secured creditor may:
(a) waive his right under the security or lien, prove his claim in the liquidation proceedings and share in the distribution of the assets of the debtor; or
(b) maintain his rights under the security or lien”
OWING DEBTS EXCEEDING P500,000
Kung mapapansin, kailangan lalagpas ng kalahating milyon ang lahat-lahat ng utang. So kung mababa pa ang utang mo ng P500,000.00, e umutang ka pa. Actually, bawal yun, wag mo gawin. Baka sabihin mo tinuruan kita 
. Bad yun.
Estafa o swindling kasi ang pag-utang na wala namang intensiyong magbayad. Maari ring paglabag ito sa RA. 8484, o yung pag kuha ng credit card para lang manloko
“Section 9, (j) obtaining money or anything of value through the use of an access device, with intent to defraud or with intent to gain and fleeing thereafter.”
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A cardholder who abandons or surreptitiously leaves the place of employment, business or residence stated in his application or credit card, without informing the credit card company of the place where he could actually be found, if at the time of such abandonment or surreptitious leaving, the outstanding and unpaid balance is past due for at least ninety (90) days and is more than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00), shall be prima facie presumed to have used his credit card with intent to defraud.”
Huwag ka mag-alala, sa bilis ng paglaki ng interest ng utang mo sa credit card, aabot din yan ng P500,000.00, promise.
EXEMPT FROM EXECUTION -FAMILY HOME
Hindi lahat ng ari-arian mo ay ibebenta ng sheriff upang pambayad sa mga creditors.
Ang mga properties exempt from execution ay hindi gagalawin, tulad ng Family Home. Upang linawin ang konsepto ng Family Home, hindi “all-the-time” safe ang Family Home sa execution. Akala kasi ng karamihan, lahat ng bahay e hindi pwedeng galawin ng sheriff.
Ayon sa Family Code, and Family Home ay hindi ligtas sa execution kung nakasanla ito sa bangko , pambayad ng buwis (syempre papahuli ba ang gobyerno), utang bago pa na constitute ang Family Home, at pambayad sa karpentero, mason, contractor, etc., na gumawa ng bahay:
“Art. 155. The family home shall be exempt from execution, forced sale or attachment except:(1) For nonpayment of taxes;(2) For debts incurred prior to the constitution of the family home;
(3) For debts secured by mortgages on the premises before or after such constitution; and
(4) For debts due to laborers, mechanics, architects, builders, materialmen and others who have rendered service or furnished material for the construction of the building.”
Ang Family Home din ay dapat nagkakahalaga lang ng P300,000 (urban areas) o P200,000 (rural areas). Walang bagong batas na nagtaas ng halaga ng Family Home.
“Art. 157. The actual value of the family home shall not exceed, at the time of its constitution, the amount of the three hundred thousand pesos in urban areas, and two hundred thousand pesos in rural areas, or such amounts as may hereafter be fixed by law.
In any event, if the value of the currency changes after the adoption of this Code, the value most favorable for the constitution of a family home shall be the basis of evaluation.”
Ang hirap naman kasi kung mansion ang bahay na nagkakahalaga ng milyong-milyong piso tapos hindi magalaw ng mga creditors dahil lang sa alegasyon na ito ay Family Home.
Bukod sa Family Home, ang mga ari-ariang nakalagay sa Rule 39 ng Rules of Court ay hindi pwedeng galawin ng creditors, tulad ng sandok, brief, panty, lapida (believe me, walang rin interesado dyan) o mga bagay na ginagamit sa panghanap buhay.
Eto tignan mo:
“Section 13. Property exempt from execution. — Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the following property, and no other, shall be exempt from execution:
(a) The judgment obligor’s family home as provided by law, or the homestead in which he resides, and land necessarily used in connection therewith;
(b) Ordinary tools and implements personally used by him in his trade, employment, or livelihood;
(c) Three horses, or three cows, or three carabaos, or other beasts of burden, such as the judgment obligor may select necessarily used by him in his ordinary occupation;
(d) His necessary clothing and articles for ordinary personal use, excluding jewelry;
(e) Household furniture and utensils necessary for housekeeping, and used for that purpose by the judgment obligor and his family, such as the judgment obligor may select, of a value not exceeding one hundred thousand pesos;
(f) Provisions for individual or family use sufficient for four months;
(g) The professional libraries and equipment of judges, lawyers, physicians, pharmacists, dentists, engineers, surveyors, clergymen, teachers, and other professionals, not exceeding three hundred thousand pesos in value;
(h) One fishing boat and accessories not exceeding the total value of one hundred thousand pesos owned by a fisherman and by the lawful use of which he earns his livelihood;
(i) So much of the salaries, wages, or earnings of the judgment obligor for his personal services within the four months preceding the levy as are necessary for the support of his family;
(j) Lettered gravestones;
(k) Monies, benefits, privileges, or annuities accruing or in any manner growing out of any life insurance;
(l) The right to receive legal support, or money or property obtained as such support, or any pension or gratuity from the Government;
(m) Properties specially exempted by law.”
